CONCUSSION EDUCATION—HANDOUT FOR USC STUDENT-ATHLETES
Concussions are traumatic brain injuries that range from mild (mTBI) to severe. You can have a concussion
without being knocked out and even a hit or jolt that does not seem severe can cause brain injury. Concussions
can happen during drills, practice, or games, and ones that occur during practice can be just as serious as those
that happen during games. The USC Medical staff treats seriously all concussions, and all signs and symptoms of
concussions.
Concussions come with many possible signs and symptoms; it is very important that you recognize these signs
and symptoms and report these immediately. Symptoms may be subtle and can last for days, weeks, or even
longer. The following are common symptoms caused by head injuries; while someone with a head injury
would not have all or even most of these symptoms, any of these symptoms could indicate a head injury, and
must be reported to the USC Medical staff:
Common Signs and Symptoms of Concussion
Loss of consciousness (LOC) Confusion
Disorientation
Delayed verbal and motor responses
Inability to focus Vacant stare Slurred/incoherent speech Headache
Nausea
Vomiting
Balance Problems/Dizziness
Fatigue
Trouble Falling Asleep Sleeping More Than Usual Drowsiness
Sensitivity to Light and Noise
Sadness Nervousness Numbness/Tingling Feeling Slowed Down Feeling Like in a “Fog” Difficulty Concentrating
Difficulty Remembering Stiff neck
Difficulty walking, speaking, or using your arms
Convulsions
Unusual or erratic behavior
NCAA and USC rules require student athletes to report any of these signs and symptoms to their medical staff
immediately. It is extremely important that student athletes be truthful about their symptoms and follow the
treatment instructions of USC medical staff. Do not try to diagnose or treat your symptoms yourself and do
not continue athletic activity until authorized to do so by a team physician or their designee. If you notice
these signs or symptoms in other student athletes, tell the USC medical staff immediately.
Although you cannot completely eliminate the risk of concussion, you play an important role in reducing the risk
of concussion by using proper equipment, including personal protective equipment, at all times, by playing
within the rules of your game, by choosing a style of play that reduces the risk of impacts to your head, and by
immediately reporting signs and symptoms of concussion to USC Medical staff and following their treatment
instructions.
Even with all of these protective mechanisms in place, the risks of head injuries cannot be eliminated. These
risks can be short-term, such as bleeding in the brain and paralysis, and long-term, such as Alzheimer’s
disease, Parkinson’s disease, other brain disorders that become more prevalent with age, and death.
Concussions can also cause brain changes affecting physical abilities (such as extremity function and headaches),
thinking abilities (such as memory and reasoning), sensation abilities (such as touch, taste, and smell), language
skills (such as communications, expression, and understanding), and emotional traits (such as depression,
anxiety, personality changes, aggression, and social inappropriateness). Ongoing research is investigating
repeated brain injuries and the risks of depression, CTE, memory problems and early dementia.